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The Signetics 2650 was an 8-bit microprocessor introduced in mid-1975.〔(Microcomputer Digest Vol. 2 No. 1 July 1975 )〕 According to Adam Osborne's book ''An Introduction to Microprocessors Vol 2: Some Real Products'', it was "the most minicomputer-like" of the microprocessors available at the time. Signetics sold development boards e.g. the PC1001〔Signetics Technical Note SP50; 2650 evaluation printed circuit board level system PC1001〕〔Signetics Technical Note SS50; PC1001 monitor program "PIPBUG"〕 and its successor, the PC1500 "Adaptable Board Computer", ranging in price from A$165 to A$400. The chip by itself sold for around A$20. Several hardware construction projects and programming articles were published in magazines such as Electronics Australia and Elektor and related kits were sold by electronics stores. These factors led to its use by a number of hobbyists in many countries such as Australia, U.S.A.,〔Build a 2650 Microcomputer system, Radio Electronics magazine: April, May, June 1977〕 United Kingdom, the Netherlands〔Hobby Computer Club (HCC) 2650 user group〕 and Germany.〔Programmierbeispiele mit dem Mikroprozessor 2650, Johann Hatzenbichler, 1978 〕 The chip contained 7 8-bit general purpose registers, although only 4 were visible at any time. It was limited to a 15-bit address space (thereby addressing a maximum of 32 KB of memory), since the upper bit of a 16-bit memory reference was reserved to indicate that the indirect memory addressing mode was to be used (a minicomputer-like feature). The address space was further limited by the use of another 2 bits of the address to indicate the indexing mode for all logical and arithmetic (i.e. non branch) instructions. This divided the address space into 4 8 KB 'pages', only the current (i.e. the page the program was running in) could be addressed directly, the others only by indirect addressing. While there were nine different addressing modes, the lack of any 16-bit registers and the 13 bit - 15-bit address space prevented widespread use. Despite this, an operating system ("2650 DOS") was available, along with 8 KB and 12 KB BASIC interpreters (sold by Central Data Corporation USA), and many games of the ''Hunt the Wumpus'' style. Most programs were written in assembly language. Two types of video game console used the Signetics 2650 or 2650A. The first group of consoles are based on the video display controller 2636 Programmable Video Interface; the 1292 Advanced Programmable Video System and the closely related Interton VC4000 belong to this group. Those were released in Germany in 1976 and 1978 respectively. The second group of consoles were based on the Signetics 2637 as a video display controller; Emerson Arcadia 2001 which was released in 1982 and which used a Signetics 2650 running at 3.58 MHz as a CPU belong to this group together with many other ones software-compatible (Leonardo, Hanimex MPT-03 etc.). At least four coin-operated video games were released in the 70s which used the 2650 CPU - Atari QUIZ SHOW, Meadows Games 3D BOWLING, Meadows Games GYPSY JUGGLER, and Cinematronics EMBARGO. The processor was also used in the Signetics Instructor 50, which was a small computer designed to teach the use and programming of the Signetics 2650 CPU. The 2650 was also used in some large items of equipment such as the Tektronix 8540, a microprocessor software development system which supported various In-circuit emulator, trace memory and logic analyser cards for real-time debugging of microprocessor systems, as practiced in the 1980s. The 2650 provided the base operating system functions, data transfer, and interface to a host computer or serial computer terminal. The processor was most suited as a microcontroller, due to its extensive I/O support: * Single bit i/o pins on the processor (sense/flag bits) * Signals to directly address 2 8-bit I/O ports (control and data ports) using single byte instructions (port i/o). This circumvented the elaborate hardware other systems needed for memory-mapped I/O * Signals to address another 256 I/O ports using an 8-bit address and 2 byte instructions, again, limiting the amount of hardware (address decoding) required. Philips emphasized this use as a micro-controller with a demonstration program showing the 2650 controlling an intelligent elevator system. Also, at trade fairs they showed the 2650 controlling a miniature 'sort and stack' robot ==Industrial Microcomputer System - IMS== For a short time starting 1979, Philips sold a modular 2650 computer called the 'IMS' - Industrial Microcomputer System,〔Industrial Microcomputer System; System Specification, Philips Electronic Components and materials, 1980〕 based on the Eurocard format in a 19" rack. It included CPU, PROM, RAM, input, output and teletype modules. This system was meant as a more intelligent programmable logic controller. For development, they later added DEBUG, DISPLAY, INTERRUPT and MODEST ((E)PROM programmer) modules. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Signetics 2650」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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